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groovebelly stingray
The groovebelly stingray, ''Dasyatis hypostigma'', called the butter stingray by fishery workers, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found over sandy or muddy bottoms in shallow coastal waters off southern Brazil, and probably Uruguay and Argentina. The groovebelly stingray can be distinguished by a prominent "W"-shaped furrow on its underside behind the last pair of gill slits, as well as completely smooth skin in all but the largest individuals. It reaches a maximum known width of . This species is aplacental viviparous, with one observed female gestating two young. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not have enough data to assess the conservation status of the groovebelly stingray; the main threat to its population is likely bycatch mortality from shrimp trawlers, although habitat degradation is also a concern.
==Taxonomy==
Hugo Santos and Marcelo de Carvalho formally described the groovebelly stingray in a 2004 volume of ''Boletim do Museu Nacional'', giving it the name ''Dasyatis hypostigma'', from the Greek ''hypo'' ("ventral") and ''stigma'' ("mark"). The original publication sometimes used the spelling ''hipostigma'', which was subsequently struck as incorrect by the authors, under the Principle of the First Reviser (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Article 24.2). The type specimen is a long adult male trawled from off the Brazilian state of Paraná. Prior to its description, the groovebelly stingray specimens caught off Brazil have been misidentified as either the bluntnose stingray (''D. say'') or the common stingray (''D. pastinaca''), neither of which in fact occur in the region.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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